January 9: The Portuguese Prince Pedro decides to stay in Brazil against the orders of his father King João VI of Portugal and start the independence of Brazil as Pedro I in 1822.

The full name of Dom Pedro was: Pedro de Alcântara António João Carlos Xavier Francisco de Paula Miguel Rafael Gonzaga Pascoal Joaquim José Cipriano Serafim de Bragança e Bourbon.

The Portuguese court of Bragança went to Brazil in 1808 to escape the Napoleonic wars, and there developed and exploited Brazilian wealth for 13 years. They were located in Rio de Janeiro which became the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (Portuguese: United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves) involving the African provinces.

The Brazilian independence led by Pedro I

Since 1634, Brazil was a principality of Portugal and every male heir to the Portuguese throne received the title of Prince of Brazil until 1743 when the heirs included women.


The Congress of Vienna, after the fall of Napoleon I, granted recognition kingdom to Brazil in 1815, which would link later to Brazil as a member of the "Holy Alliance" led by Alexander I of Russia.

Dom Pedro I Emperor of Brazil

Dom Pedro was the fourth son of Dom João VI of Portugal married to Spanish Carlota Joaquina, both of whom united the Bragança family with Bourbon of Spain.

The Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Lisbon Dom João did return to Portugal in April 1821 and appoint his son Pedro as regent of Brazil. The insubordination and threats of the Portuguese army against Brazilian Pedro autonomy led to take sides in favor of Brazilian court who had stayed with him in Brazil and thus was born the process of independence of Brazil.

Dom Pedro I of  Brazil

Nicknamed "El Libertador" Peter declared Brazil's independence on 7 September 1822, and the 12 October following, was hailed as Emperor of Brasil. En six months he defeated all troops loyal to Portugal. A few months later he had to crush the segresasionistas of Northeast Brazil who wanted to found the Confederation of Ecuador. It also destroyed the rebels attempts in the southern province of Cisplatin in 1825, and the attempt of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata to annex Cisplatina. Dom Pedro I was briefly King of Portugal with the title of Pedro IV and nicknamed "The Soldier king ". Dom Pedro freed Brazil from Portugal.